The other two pendulums will yield far less precise values and it is important to determine the errors for each pendulum to allow a discussion of the precision of the values of g. Bessel and his version can be demonstrated with this equipment. Physics practical simple pendulum experiment duration. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. An important application of the pendulum is the determination of the value of the acceleration due to gravity. Two knifeedge pivot points and two adjustable masses are positioned on the rod so that the period of swing is the same from either edge. However, several hundred years ago, this was not the case. When released, the restoring force acting on the pendulums mass causes it to oscillate about the.
Katers pendulum since at least 1965, the cavendish laboratory physics course included an experiment to measure g to better than 1 part in 10,000 using katers pendulum. Graph the period of the pendulum as a function of its length using the chart feature of excel. It also has either an adjustable weight that can be moved up and down the bar. The reversible pendulum katers pendulum has two pivot points on opposite sides of the centre of gravity from which the pendulum can be suspended as shown in fig. Measurement of acceleration due to gravity g by a compound pendulum aim. Katers pendulum stuart field and eric hazlett abstract in this lab we will determine the value of the acceleration of gravity g by using a reversible pendulum.
What it shows an important application of the pendulum is the determination of the value of the acceleration due to gravity. Measurement of the acceleration of gravity using katers. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab. Request pdf bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab we describe a bessel pendulum for use in the teaching laboratory, and measurements of. Huygens was also the first to show geometrically that the path along which a pendulum would show isochronous motion was a cycloid and not the arc of a circle.
A katers pendulum is a reversible free swinging pendulum invented by british physicist and army captain henry kater in 1817 for use as a gravimeter instrument to measure the local acceleration of gravity. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab free download as pdf file. The errors taken into account are just on the kater period t and the distance between the two pivot points l. The pendulum is an exquisitely simple divination tool that is used for discovering information outside of our normal awareness. Mar 28, 2014 an outstanding invention from almost 200 years ago. In 1817, kater, following a suggestion from bessel, developed a reversible pendulum that made possible an extremely accurate measurement of the acceleration due to earths gravity, g.
Recall that the formula for the period of a physical pendulum is t2. To determine an accurate value for g in the lab here in sheffield and compare it with an empirically. The principle of reversible katers pendulum and why its. Help with determining errors on katers pendulum experiment. To determine the acceleration due to gravity g by means of a compound pendulum. To determine the value of acceleration due to gravity with kater s pendulum. We describe a bessel pendulum for use in the teaching laboratory, and measurements of the local. Nov 30, 2008 i would have thought the blades were sharpened so that it could rock back and forth smoothly, so it doesnt waste any energy. Katers pendulum is a pendulum that consists of a steel arm with a length of about one and. The holes are located so that the two periods of oscillation are nearly equal.
It is a compound pendulum constructed on the principle that centre of oscillation and centre of suspension are interchangable. String, pendulum bob, meter stick, computer with uli interface, and a photogate. The kater s reversible pendulum is made of a rigid metal bar on which are inserted two massive discs m 1 and m 2 that can scroll along the bar and be fixed in different positions in order to change the position of center of gravity of the pendulum. Feb 15, 2015 homework statement hey guys, so im doing the an exercise on the kater s pendulum, to calculate g. The pendulum can oscillate on either of two knifeedge suspension points as shown in fig. Since l isnt very distinctive in html documents, we.
The simple gravity pendulum is an idealized mathematical model of a pendulum. The simple pendulum university of colorado boulder. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. To understand what he did, we will first look at simple pendula and then we will develop katers result. A reversible pendulum, knife edges, support stands, photodetectorstop watch, measuring tapescale. Laboratory physics, a students manual for colleges and scientific schools. Due to the importance of its model, many researchers had challenged to get the proper controller for this model. When given an initial push, it will swing back and forth at a constant amplitude. Then a rushing revival of soul and a successful effort to move. Kater precision pendulum, only telatomic incorporated. Kater s pendulum should yield a value precise to three significant figures. The objective is to compare the value and accuracy of g using each pendulum in turn. Given my previous knowledge, i know that a pendulum behaves in an oscillating manner, meaning that the acceleration is always proportional to the negative distance.
Kater precision pendulumpendulum rotating about axis 2measure g to a few parts per thousand in less than ten minutes. Langley physics department, university of massachusetts, amherst, massachusetts 01003 received 9 november 2000. Suspend the pendulum about the knife edge 1 and take the time for about 10 oscillations. Around 1817, henry kater used a reversable pendulum now called a katers pendulum to make extremely accurate measurements of the acceleration due to gravity to simplify a little. While it is easy to accurately measure the period of a pendulum, it was difficult to very. The reversible pendulum is a pendulum that can be swung from either of two pivot points. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab d. The katers pendulum is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity more accurately. Set up katers pendulum, making sure it swings freely. Katers pendulum konstantinos filippakos the use of katers. It is named after its inventor, captain henry kater, a captain in the british army and a fellow of the royal society, who invented it around 1820.
Measurement of the acceleration of gravity using katers pendulum. The principle of reversible katers pendulum and why its rod. The kater s pendulum is used to measure the acceleration due to gravity more accurately. To understand what he did, we will first look at simple pendula and then we. A kater s pendulum is a reversible free swinging pendulum invented by british physicist and army captain henry kater in 1817 for use as a gravimeter instrument to measure the local acceleration of gravity. Theoretical katerscompoundreversiblependulumisbaseddi rectlyonhuyghensprinciplethatthecentersofoscillation andsuspensionareinterchangeable.
However, practical difficultiesprimarily in measuring the length. To determine the value of g at niser using a reversible pendulum. For many years, it was the standard method of measuring g to high accuracy. Reversible kater s pendulum simple harmonic motion oscillations gravitational acceleration what it shows. Kater came about and establish his pendulum which is what was used to find an accurate representation of the local acceleration due to gravity. It is the same apparatus we are using in our experiments to find and prove his findings. It has a large mass near the end on one side, and a small her mass near the other end. By adding a second knifeedge pivot and two adjustable masses to the physical pendulum described in the physical pendulum. Note that the pendulum must be turned upside down to oscillate about axis 2, the adjustable knife edge. Moreover, the pendulum is provided with wedgeshaped knives o 1 and o 2, so that we can hang it on a. Shift the weight w 1 to one end of katers pendulum and fix it.
Finding latitude from a tabletop foucault pendulum nicole tennessen and nathan wichman advisor derin sherman it is currently common knowledge that the earth rotates. So by measuring the length l and period t of a pendulum, g can be calculated. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum. Our experiment may be similar to one you have done in high school, however, the mathematical analysis will be more. He later correlated latitude and the local value of g to test his ideas. Kater knew that for the pendulum equation to be precise he needed to know the pendulum s moment of inertia. Mercer university macon, georgia 31207 with the information provided in this article, students should be able to easily measure the acceleration of gravity to a few parts in tenthousand in one twohour laboratory period. The pendulum is a powerful instrument, which picks up unseen electromagnetic energy vibrations, somewhat similar to the antenna on your vehicle. An absolute determination of the acceleration of gravity.
Fix the knife edge k 1 just below it keep the knife edge k 2 at the other end and fix the wooden weight w 2 symmetrical to other end. Given my previous knowledge, i know that a pendulum behaves in an. The period of a pendulum or any oscillatory motion is the time required for one complete cycle, that is, the time to go back and forth once. The experiment of katers reversible pendulum contains not only the principle basis of the pendulum, but also the concept of the angular moment of inertia of a rigid body, as well as the understanding of how to derive from a compound pendulum the relationship among the swing period, the amplitude, the angular moment of inertia, and the acceleration of gravity. Be sure that the pendulum swings straight through the gate. One axis of rotation is an end, and we wish to find another axis for which the periods of oscillation about the two parallel axes are the same. A compound pendulum and a kater pendulum have been used to measure the gravitational acceleration, to a precision of 0. Real pendulums are subject to friction and air drag, so the amplitude of their swings.
Katers pendulum konstantinos filippakos the use of. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum period chunyang ding ib candidate number. Pdf we describe the correct cubic relation between the mass configuration of a kater reversible pendulum and its period of oscillation. Katers pendulum, stopwatch, meter scale and knife edges. Telrp6010 kater precision pendulum pendulum rotating about axis 2 measure g to a few parts per thousand in less than ten minutes. A physical pendulum is a rigid body swing in a vertical plane about any horizontal axis passing. A compound pendulum has an extended mass, like a swinging bar, and is free to oscillate about a horizontal axis. Reversible katers pendulum harvard natural sciences. The reversion pendulum was developed by henry kater. And now a full memory of the trial, of the judges, of the sable draperies, of the sentence, of the sickness, of the swoon.
A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab scribd. In practice, the movable mass is divided into two or more elements to enable coarse and fine adjustment. After two centuries, still the most elegant determination of g. In 1851, leon foucault provided a simple example of earths rotation. With the use of a simple pendulum, we can contact this inner intelligence to determine what is best for us at all times. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. Pdf the cubic perioddistance relation for the kate reversible. Pendulum, body suspended from a fixed point so that it can swing back and forth under the influence of gravity.
Load the data into an excel spreadsheet to determine each period throughout a given run. To overcome this difficulty we can turn a physical pendulum into a socalled reversible kater s 1 pendulum. Theory a kater pendulum was used to carry out this experiment that consisted of two masses. The simple pendulum the university of tennessee at. To investigate the relationship between the length of a simple pendulum and the period of its motion. Investigating the effect of string length on pendulum period. This is a weight or bob on the end of a massless cord suspended from a pivot, without friction.
G1 katers pendulum scientific aims and objectives to determine an accurate value for g in the lab here in sheffield and compare it with an empirically calculated value. In principle, then, a pendulum could be used to measure g, the acceleration of gravity. It is this radius that is hard to measure precisely since it depends on the distribution of the mass in the pendulum. Measurement of acceleration due to gravity g by a compound. Each of the sliding objects can be clamped in place on the rod. Ding 2 i will be investigating the effect of the length of a pendulums string on the time for the period of that pendulum. But when we look more closely, it is much more complex. Homework statement hey guys, so im doing the an exercise on the katers pendulum, to calculate g. The katers reversible pendulum is made of a rigid metal bar on which are inserted two massive discs m 1 and m 2 that can scroll along the bar and be fixed in different positions in order to change the position of center of gravity of the pendulum. The conventional kater pendulum can be difficult to. Measurement of acceleration due to gravity g by a compound pendulum. A special reversible compound pendulum called katers pendulum is designed to measure the value of g, the acceleration of gravity. Katers pendulum physics 258259 katers reversible pendulum is used to complete a precision measurement of the local acceleration of gravity in storrs connecticut.
The length of the pendulum is the independent variable and should be plotted on the horizontal axis or abscissa x axis. The pendulum shown lying down, above is hung vertically and pivots on a knife edge that rests on glass. The simple pendulum is a favorite introductory exercise because galileos experiments on pendulums in the early 1600s are usually regarded as the beginning of experimental physics. Kater s innovation was to realize that, if one built an asymmetrical, doubleended pendulum as is shown schematically in fig. Example of excel spreadsheet for recording and analyzing data. Am2 katers reversible pendulum lock haven university.
Then it can be shown that this period is the period of a simple pendulum with. Katers reversible pendulum mechanics oscillations objective work out the local acceleration due to gravity with the help of a reversible pendulum ue1050221 ue1050221 basic principles a reversible pendulum is a special design of a normal physical pendulum. I will be investigating the effect of the length of a pendulums string on the time for the period of that pendulum. Suppose the distances d1 and d2 are adjusted so that the periods around both supports are equal. The kater pendulum side 1 background people have been using pendulums as an easy and accurate way to measure the acceleration due to gravity for hundreds of years. Kater pendulum introduction it is wellknown result that the period t of a simple pendulum is given by t l g 2. Bessels improved kater pendulum in the teaching lab request pdf. Turner apr 8, 2009 in 1817, british physicist henry kater developed a reversible pendulum which allows one to precisely measure the local acceleration due to gravity. Katers innovation was to realize that, if one built an asymmetrical, doubleended pendulum as is shown schematically in fig. Finally a kater pendulum has been designed to allow a measurement of g to within a few parts per thousand in about 10. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. To compare the accuracy of g measured using three different pendulums o simple pendulum o compound pendulum o katers pendulum. An outstanding invention from almost 200 years ago.
If the amplitude of motion of the swinging pendulum is small, then the pendulum behaves approximately as a simple. The katers pendulum consists of a rigid metal bar with two pivot points, one near each end of the bar. Media in category diagrams of pendulums the following 163 files are in this category, out of 163 total. Physics231lab2 1 lab 2 measurement of g using katers. A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging at the end of a string of length l. Pendulums are used to regulate the movement of clocks because the interval of time for each complete oscillation, called the period, is constant. Katers pendullum experiment short notes and procedure free download as pdf file. Katers pendulum is a pendulum that consists of a steel arm with a length of about one and a half meters. Reversible katers pendulum simple harmonic motion oscillations gravitational acceleration what it shows. A simple pendulum consists of a small bob suspended by a light massless string of length l.
With 2012 looming in the not so distant future and bearing down on us rapidly, our ability to create safe environments for. Its advantage is that, unlike previous pendulum gravimeters, the pendulums centre of gravity and center of oscillation do not have to be determined, allowing a greater accuracy. By adding a second knifeedge pivot and two adjustable masses to the physical pendulum described in the physical pendulum demo, the value of g can be determined. A physical pendulum with two adjustable knife edges for an accurate determination of g. The principles behind its operation include instructive lessons in mechanics and. The following formula is used for the determination of acceleration due to gravity g. The pendulum sits on one of two knifeedged pivots that is attached to the wall and allows it to oscillate easily without much disturbance. Kater pendulum the pendulum can oscillate about a knife edge through either hole. Export the timing data to text files as instructed. Introduction katers pendulum consists of a long bar and two masses which are attached to the bar.
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